Projection apparatus for objects in machining operations



Nm.. 2Q, w@ F. in. Kmmi 'fs PROJECTION APPARATUS FOR OBJECTS N MACHNINGOYERTIONS Filed Feb. 15, 1946 Patented Nov. 29, 1949 PROJECTIONAPPARATUS FOR OBJECTS IN MACHINING OPERATIONS Frank D. Korkosz,Chicopee, Mass. Application February 15, 1946, Serial No. 647,807

(Cl. Sii- 24) 1 Claim.

This invention relates to improvements in apparatus for machiningobjects and the principal objects of the invention are directed to theprovision of an apparatus which is characterized by means for projectingonto a screen in superposed relation the image of a drawing of an objectto be produced and the image of the object being produced.

According to special features of the invention a drawing of the objectto be produced is arranged to show the object at an enlarged scale whilethe image thereof is projected onto a screen at a scale reducedtherefrom but at a scale greater than the object to be produced. Theimage of the object being produced is projected onto the screen at anenlarged scale and superposed on the projected image of the drawing. Thescale of the image of the drawing and the image of the object are inagreement on the screen and the image of the tool or tools working onthe object is projected onto the screen so that its operation may bevisualized and the tool is actuated in such a way that its acts on theobject to form the same in conformity with the image of the drawing. Inthis way the object is formed without the measuring operations usuallynecessary in connection with machining operations.

By providing a drawing of the object to be produced at an enlarged scaleand projecting it onto the screen at a scale reduced therefrom but at ascale greater than the object, inaccuracies in the drawing arepractically eliminated in the projected image thereof, and by projectingthe image of the object and tool at an enlarged scale and superposingthe same on the image of the drawing extreme accuracy in the objectforming operation is made possible.

The apparatus of the invention is adapted for broad application where itis desired by a machining operation to form an object and it will beunderstood that machining for the purposes of disclosure includes theusual operations such as grinding, turning, cutting, iinishing and thelike.

With the foregoing and various other novel features and advantages andother objects of my invention as will become more apparent as thedescription proceeds, the invention consists in certain novel featuresof construction and in the combination and arrangement of parts as willbe hereinafter more particularly pointed out in the claims hereuntoannexed and more fully described and referred to in connection with theaccompanying drawings wherein:

Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view showing in a diagrammatic way thecomponents of the apparatus of the invention;

Fig. 2 is a plan view of a drawing of an object which is to be formedfrom a piece of stock;

Fig. 3 is a plan view of a screen having the projected images of thedrawing and of the object being formed thereon;

Fig. 4 is an end elevational view of the lower end of the condensercasing; and

Fig. 5 is an inverted plan view thereof.

Referring now to the drawings more in detail, the invention will befully described.

A drawing is represented by 2 on which is delineated the object 4 or apart of the object which is to be produced. The drawing will preferablybe made at a scale larger than the actual object and said drawing may bemade on various materials. As shown, the drawing is illuminated from therear by plural lights 6 and a reiiector 8 and will be made fromtransparent material. In another way, light may be directed onto theopposite face of the drawing.

The image of the drawing is projected onto a mirror l0 through a lensconstruction l2 and onto a mirror i4 which directs the image through atransparent or half-silvered mirror I6 onto a transparent screen I8which may be of ground glass or the like.

The object 4 shown on the drawing and to be produced will be enlarged orshown on the drawing at a scale greater than the object itself therebyeliminating inaccuracies when projected onto the screen at a smallerscale than that of the drawing and larger than that of the object to beproduced.

The lens construction I 2 will be a projection or process lens adaptedto project the drawing accurately without distortion and may takevarious forms to obtain the desired results.

A piece of stock is represented by 20 from which the object is to beformed and for purposes of description it may be assumed that the sameis rotated between centers for the action of a tool 22, as in a lathe.

A mirror 24 is disposed beneath the stock and a condenser construction26 is provided for directing light rays from a source such as a lightbulb 28 onto the mirror 24.

A lens construction is shown at 3U and a prism 32 is providedthereabove. Light rays are directed by the mirror 24 upwardly throughthe lens construction 30 and prism 32 so as to project the image of thepiece of stock or object being formed onto a mirror 34, thence to amirror 38,

and from the latter to half -silvered mirror I6 and onto the screen I8.

The parts are constructed and arranged so that the image of the objectbeing formed is projected onto the screen at an enlarged scale and at ascale agreeing with that of the image of the drawing. Also the parts arearranged so that the images. oi the drawing and. object. being, formedafre in superposed relation on the screen as shown in Fig. 3.

With the images superposed the machining tool such as 22 is movedrelative to the piece ofI stock so as to form the stock into. an Object,having a contour agreeing with the. image ofthe drawing.

The condenser construction will be such in connection with the mirror24, that thelight rays, are substantially parallel thereby to projectthe, image of the object being formed without distortion.

The insure of this, a carri-age 40 is slidable back and forth on thelower end of the condenser assembly which has a pair ofv plates 42pivoted. therein. Gears 44 associated with the plates are in mesh withgears 4Sy of a shaft 48 journalled at 50 inthe frame 4i).

The carriage may bemoved and the plates may be adjusted so as'to directa parallel band of light rays onto, ther mirror 241 and thereby past acertain portion of the object being formed to insure parallelism ofthelight rays at some particular portion. off the object and eliminate thepossibility of distortion of the image of the object.

The invention may bel embodied in other specic forms` without departingfrom the essential characteristics thereof. Hence, the presentembodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects merely'asbeing illustrative and not as being restrictive, the Scope of thevinvention being indicatedy by the appended claim rather than by theforegoingd'escription, and all modificaticns and variations as fallwithin thek meaning and purviewV and range or equivalency of'theappended claim areA therefore intended to be embraced'l therein.

What it isdesired to claim and secure by Letters Patent of the UnitedStates is An apparatusy for guiding in the. machining by acutting tooloffan; object from a piece of stock, a; drawing having delineatedthereon the object to be produced at a scale greater than the scale ofthe actual object to be produced, a light source directed ontosaiddrawing, a primary,Y mirror for 4 receiving the image of the object tobe produced, a primary projection lens for receiving the image of theobject to be produced from said primary mirror, a secondary mirror forreceiving the image of the object to be produced from said primary lens,a transparent mirror for receiving the image of the object to beproduced from said eecgndarv mirrQr. a transparent. screen. for 1'@-ceiying; the, image of the object to, bev produced from said transparentmirror, a xed mirror disp osed adjacent the piece of stock, a lightsource cooperating with said Xed mirror, a condenser forY directinglight rays from said light source and' shadows formed by the piece ofstock onto said fixed, mirror, a secondary lens for receiving the lightrays and shadows from said Xed mirror, a prism for receiving the lightrays and shadows, from said secondary lens, a primary prism mirror forreceiving the light rays and shadowsfrom said prism, a secondary prismmirror for receiving the lightv rays and shadows from said prima-ryprismmirror and projecting same onto said transparent mirror for reectiononto said screen, all adapted and arranged whereby the image or theobject to be produced maybe projectedlupon said screen at an enlargedscale and at a scale equal to the scale of the image of the drawingprojected upon said'l screen with the image of the object to-b eproduced and the image of the drawingl is superposition on said screenwhereby a cutting tool may be-moved relative to the piece of stock so asto formthe stock into an object having a contour agreeing with thecontouren the image of the drawing.

FRANKD. KORKOSZ.

REFERENCES CITED The following references` are of. record in the file,lofy this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS

